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  • The Accidental Birder: A Journey from Ignorance to Slightly Less Ignorance

    Growing up in a village surrounded by lush greenery, chirping birds, and a never-ending orchestra of nature’s sounds, you’d think I’d have developed a keen interest in wildlife. But no. For me, birds were just background decorations—like moving leaves that occasionally stole my food. A crow was a crow, a pigeon was a pigeon, and that weird long-legged fellow near the pond? Probably a stork or something. Who cared? Certainly not me.

    Then came Dr. Arun Gaikwad Sir, the man who could identify a bird faster than I could identify my own relatives at family gatherings. He didn’t just name birds when they were sitting pretty on branches—he named them mid-flight, mid-song, mid-sneeze, and probably even in their dreams. It was like some supernatural ability, and it left me bewildered.

    One day, after watching me struggle to identify the very same sparrow I had seen every day for years, Sir took pity on my cluelessness and handed me a book: Collins Field Guide: Birds of India by Norman Arlott.

    Now, let me tell you, this book is a game-changer. It’s compact, user-friendly, and packed with beautifully detailed illustrations that make even the most ordinary birds look like celebrities. It groups birds logically, making comparisons easy—though, let’s be honest, I still had moments where every bird looked suspiciously similar to the last one. The range maps are particularly useful; they helped me realize that some of the birds I had been confidently “identifying” did not, in fact, even exist in my region. Oops.

    Dr. Gaikwad encouraged me to observe bird behavior, noting how they fly, land, eat, and interact with each other. Slowly, my perspective changed. What once seemed ordinary became extraordinary. The birdcalls that blended into the background started standing out, and suddenly, I found myself wondering about their tiny avian dramas—who was fighting whom, which bird was the neighborhood gossip, and who was just there for the snacks.

    If you’re even remotely interested in birds, I highly recommend getting this book. It’s a fantastic guide for beginners. Not that I can boast about my own progress—let’s just say I started as a beginner and, thanks to my busy schedule or as Mumbai dweller, remained a beginner. But that was my fault, not the book’s. It gave me everything; I just happened to be a slow learner.

    So, if you ever find yourself looking up at the sky and wondering what feathered wonder just flew past, grab a copy of Collins Field Guide. It might just turn you from a casual bird-noticer into a full-fledged bird nerd. And trust me, that’s a good thing.

    Author

    Dr. Sanjay Swami
    Professor
    Department of Biochemistry
    T.N. medical College & BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai

  • Reel Making Competition

     

    Final Results are out Click below

    RESULTS

    ——————————

    Thanks for participation!

    We have received multiple requests from students seeking additional time to participate in the competition, as they were unable to meet the deadline due to academic commitments. Additionally, many participants whose reels were rejected now have the opportunity to modify and resubmit their entries.

    In light of this, we are pleased to announce that the deadline for reel submission has been extended to February 23, 2025. All other previously mentioned dates will remain unchanged.

    Thank you for your participation and enthusiasm

    Join our WhatsApp Channel to know about our activities and keep yourself updated

    Each participant will be granted an e-Certificate, and additionally, the top three participants will receive

    Cash Award-

    First Prize – Rs. 5000/-

    Second Prize – Rs. 3000/-

    Third Prize – Rs. 2000/-

    About the Competition-

    This competition encourages students from various disciplines to creatively express their ideas on education, nature conservation, research, and awareness-related topics through engaging short video reels.

    Topics:

    Any one of the following topics

    1. The Future of Education: Role of Technology and AI
    2. The Importance of Biodiversity and Conservation
    3. Scientific Research and Its Impact on Society
    4. Climate Change and Sustainable Living
    5. The Power of Social Media in Spreading Awareness
    6. Waste Management and Eco-Friendly Practices

    Rules and Guidelines –

    1. Reel duration must be between 30 to 90 seconds.
    2. Language can be English, Hindi, or Marathi.
    3. Content must be original. Plagiarism or AI-generated content will result in disqualification.
    4. Participants may submit only one entry on a selected theme.
    5. The reel must end with the name/names of participants clearly mentioned.
    6. After the participant names, the provided image (Download from QR code) must be included at the end of the reel. Reels without this image# will be disqualified.
    7. By submitting, participants grant permission for their work to be published on BVCT’s website, social media, or promotional materials with proper attribution
    8. Embargo: Submitted reels cannot be posted until one week after results, and winning reels for one month, or the participant will be disqualified and blacklisted.
    9. Each submitted reel will receive an eCertificate after the results, with up to five participants per entry eligible for certificates.

    Judging criteria:

    1. 50% Marks: Based on views, watch time and other engagements attracted through BVCT’s Facebook & Instagram social media handles.
    2. 50% Marks: Evaluated by juries based on originality, creativity, clarity of message, relevance to the theme, and overall impact.
    3. Judges’ decisions will be final and binding.

    Eligibility to participate-

    Participants must be enrolled as students pursuing education in any educational institution/school as of February 8th , 2025.

    Fees- There is no entry or application fee to the competition.

    Procedure for submission of reel-

    1. Create the reel based on one of the given themes.
    2. Ensure the reel ends with participant name(s) and the provided image.
    3. Format: MP4 or MOV any supported video format
    4. Size: Maximum 100 MB
    5. Aspect Ratio: 9:16 (portrait orientation)
    6. Duration: 30 to 90 seconds
    7. Resolution: Minimum 720p (HD)
    8. End the reel with the names of participants and the provided image#.
    9. Audio: Clear audio, no distortion; avoid copyrighted music.
    10. Text and Visuals: Legible text, clear visuals aligned with the theme.
    11. Uploading: Submit via the provided Google link after ensuring all guidelines are met.

    Important dates:

    1. Submission Period: February 8, 2025 – February 18, 2025
    2. Uploading on Social Media: Reels will be uploaded by us as received and verified, on or before February 19, 2025.
    3. Engagement Period: Participants can gather likes and engagement on their reels from the time of upload until February 26, 2025 (until 10.00 pm).
    4. Winners & Participants Announcement: February 28, 2025 (National Science Day).
    5. Winners’ Details Submission: Winners will need to fill out a Google Form with required information.
    6. Prize Distribution: Cheques will be sent after form submission (The first person in the participants list as per google form)
    7. Cheque Encashment Deadline: March 15, 2025
    8. Participation Certificates: Each submitted reel will receive an eCertificate after the results, within 10 days.

    Declaration of results:

    28th February 2025 on the occasion of National Science Day (on or before 10.00 pm)

    For Any further queries Contact:

    Dr. Rupesh Yadav: 94030 18881

    Dr. Anup Hendre: 84468 91638

    Mr. Rajiv Dixit: 98901 23995

    FAQs – ‘Teach and Learn in Motion’ Reel-Making Competition

    1. Can we use AI-generated videos or voiceovers in our reels?

    No, as clearly mentioned in the guidelines, while visual and sound effects are allowed, creating an entire video using AI-generated content will lead to disqualification.

    2. How can we create reels for the competition?

    Reels can be created using:

    • Real video footage of natural flora and fauna
    • Human interactions, including speeches, drama, or acts
    • Graphical representation with facts, provided they include an original voiceover and are supported by proper citations for authenticity

    The focus should be on originality and creativity, ensuring that all information presented is well-researched and properly credited.

    3. What type of reels perform well?

    Generally, reels that include:

    • Humor tend to gain more virality
    • Acting or dramatized content attracts higher engagement
    • Engaging storytelling is key to keeping the audience interested

    Since 50% of the marks are based on audience engagement, your reel should be captivating and interactive.

    4. Can we use background music, filters, or special effects?

    Yes, you can use background music, visual effects, and sound enhancements to improve your reel, as long as the core content remains original and not fully AI-generated.

    5. Can we see each other’s reels? Where are the reels uploaded?

    Yes! You can find the submitted reels on our official Instagram and Facebook handles. Watching other participants’ reels can also help you gain more likes, views, and engagement.

    Note: Reels that do not follow the competition guidelines will be disqualified and may not be uploaded on our official platforms.

    6. How can I stay updated and ask more questions?

    Join our official WhatsApp channel to stay updated with the latest announcements, guidelines, and discussions.

    7. Where can I upload the reels?

    As mentioned above, reels can be uploaded by scanning the QR code, which will direct you to the Google Form. Ensure that you follow all rules and guidelines before uploading. Fill in the required details in the given format to avoid disqualification.

    8. What is the maximum reel size allowed?

    The reel must be up to 100 MB. If the file size exceeds this limit, it won’t get uploaded. You can use online video compression platforms to reduce the size. Alternatively, sending the video to someone via WhatsApp will automatically compress it, and the compressed version can be uploaded.

  • DISSECTING THE GENETICS BEHIND THE AGING PROCESS

    Introduction

    Aging is a natural process that affects every living organism. As we grow older, our bodies experience a decline in physiological functions, making us more susceptible to diseases and mortality. However, there are individuals who seem to defy the odds and live past the age of 100, exhibiting a delayed or escaped age-related decline. The study of these exceptional individuals, known as centenarians, has provided valuable insights into the genetic factors that influence the aging process.

    In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of genetics and aging. We will delve into the genetic factors associated with longevity, the impact of DNA damage and telomeres on cell aging, and the role of specific genes in the aging process. Additionally, we will discuss the importance of longitudinal studies in understanding age-related decline within and among tissues. Finally, we will explore the emerging field of genomic convergence and how it is revolutionizing our understanding of human aging.

    Genetic Factors in Longevity

    One of the most intriguing aspects of human aging is the wide variation in lifespan among individuals. While environmental factors play a role in determining lifespan, genetic factors also contribute significantly. Studies comparing centenarians to average-aged individuals have identified several genetic factors associated with long life.

    One well-known genetic factor is the APOE gene, which encodes the apolipoprotein E protein. Variants of this gene, such as the ɛ4 allele, have been associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, individuals with the ɛ4 allele are less likely to live past the age of 100.

    Another gene associated with longevity is FOXO3A, a transcription factor involved in the insulin/IGF-I signaling pathway.

    Variants of this gene have been found to be enriched in centenarians of Asian and European populations. These variants may promote better health and contribute to extended lifespan by increasing the expression or activity of FOXO3A.

    While these genetic factors have been replicated in multiple populations, they account for only a small percentage of the genetic contribution to longevity. It is clear that aging is a highly polygenic trait, influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.

    The Role of DNA Damage and Telomeres in Aging

    Cellular aging is characterized by the gradual accumulation of DNA damage and the shortening of telomeres, the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. DNA damage can result from exposure to harmful environmental factors or deficiencies in DNA repair mechanisms. Progeroid syndromes, such as Werner syndrome and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, are caused by mutations in genes involved in DNA repair and are characterized by accelerated aging symptoms.

    Telomeres play a crucial role in maintaining chromosome stability and preventing chromosome instability. With each cell division, telomeres shorten, eventually leading to cell senescence, apoptosis, and an increased risk of mutation. Telomere shortening is associated with age-related diseases and accelerated aging syndromes. Conversely, telomerase, an enzyme that adds DNA sequence repeats to telomeres, can delay cell senescence and extend lifespan.

    The relationship between DNA damage, telomere length, and aging is complex and not fully understood. However, it is clear that these factors contribute to the aging process and may serve as potential therapeutic targets for age-related diseases.

    Longitudinal Studies of Human Aging

    To gain a deeper understanding of the aging process, researchers have turned to longitudinal studies, which follow individuals over an extended period, collecting data on various age-related traits. These studies allow for the examination of age-related changes within and among tissues, providing valuable insights into the molecular basis of aging.

    The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) is one of the longest-running studies of human aging in the United States. Participants undergo comprehensive medical, physiological, and psychological assessments at regular intervals. The data collected from these individuals have been instrumental in identifying biomarkers of physiological age and uncovering genetic pathways involved in aging.

    Another longitudinal study, the InCHIANTI study, focuses on the decline in mobility that occurs with age. This study includes residents of two small towns in Tuscany, Italy, and has collected data on a wide range of physiological measurements, including clinical histories, serum metabolite levels, and muscle strength levels.

    By analyzing longitudinal data, researchers can identify genetic variants that predict how an individual will change over time. These variants may provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the aging process and can help identify potential targets for intervention.

    Genomic Convergence: Combining Functional Genomic Information

    Genomic convergence is an innovative approach that combines multiple types of functional genomic information, such as transcriptional profiling, gene association studies, and expression quantitative trait mapping. By integrating these diverse datasets, researchers can identify genes and pathways that are consistently associated with a specific phenotype.

    One example of genomic convergence in the study of aging is the identification of the MMP20 gene in human kidney aging. Using gene expression data from kidney samples collected over a wide age range, researchers identified age-regulated genes and pathways associated with kidney aging.

    The MMP20 gene, which encodes a matrix metalloproteinase involved in tissue remodeling, emerged as a potential candidate gene involved in the aging process.

    Genomic convergence holds great promise for uncovering the complex genetic networks underlying aging and age-related diseases. By integrating multiple types of functional genomic data, researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the aging process.

    Conclusion

    Understanding the genetic factors that influence the aging process is a complex and evolving field of research. While certain genes, such as APOE and FOXO3A, have been consistently associated with longevity, they only account for a small fraction of the genetic contribution to aging. Longitudinal studies and genomic convergence approaches have provided valuable insights into the molecular basis of aging, identifying age-regulated genes, pathways, and potential therapeutic targets.

    As our understanding of the genetics of aging continues to grow, we move closer to unlocking the secrets of longevity and improving the quality of life for individuals as they age. Understanding the genetics behind aging opens up new avenues for the development of anti-aging strategies and interventions. By targeting specific genetic pathways involved in the aging process, it may be possible to slow down or even reverse the effects of aging, leading to a healthier and longer life. The future holds exciting possibilities for unraveling the secrets of longevity and harnessing the power of genetics to enhance our quality of life as we age.

    About Author

    Anam Khan
    Student of FY B. Sc.
    Thakur College of Science & Commerce, Kandivali (E), Mumbai
    Email- an24.02am@gmail.com

  • CONSANGUINITY

    ANALYZING THE INFLUENCE OF CONSANGUINITY ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES

    Anam Khan

    an24.02am@gmail.com

    Introduction

    Consanguinity, a term derived from the Latin words con meaning common and sanguineus meaning blood, refers to a relationship between individuals who share a common ancestor or blood. The rates of consanguineous marriages vary depending on factors such as religion, culture, and geography. In this article, we will explore the effects of consanguinity on genetic health. We will also delve into the impact of consanguinity on reproductive health. Additionally, we will examine the prevalence of its association with various reproductive health parameters, including postnatal mortality, congenital malformations, fertility, and the prevalence of autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Through an in-depth exploration of the available research, we aim to shed light on the complex relationship between consanguinity and reproductive health outcomes.
    Negative Effects of Consanguinity on Reproductive Health
    Consanguinity and Congenital Malformations
    One of the well-documented negative effects of consanguinity on reproductive health is the increased risk of congenital malformations in offspring. Studies have consistently shown a higher prevalence of congenital malformations among children born to consanguineous parents compared to those born to non-consanguineous parents. This increased risk is primarily attributed to the expression of autosomal recessive genetic disorders.
    Research conducted among Arab populations has also indicated a higher risk of congenital malformations associated with consanguinity. For example, studies in Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and other Arab countries have reported a higher frequency of consanguineous marriages among parents of children with congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, cleft lip and/or palate, and other malformations. These findings highlight the significant
    impact of consanguinity on the prevalence of congenital malformations.
    Consanguinity and Postnatal Mortality
    Consanguinity has been associated with an increased risk of postnatal mortality among offspring. Studies conducted during recent times have consistently shown higher postnatal mortality rates among children born to consanguineous parents compared to those born to non-consanguineous parents. The increased risk of postnatal mortality is believed to be related to the inheritance of ‘deleterious recessive genes’ and ‘multi-gene complexes’ from a common ancestor.
    While the impact of consanguinity on postnatal mortality is evident, it is important to note that the effects may vary depending on the consanguinity rates within a population. Countries with high rates of consanguineous marriages generally report smaller effects on mortality compared to populations with low rates of consanguineous marriages. Factors such as socioeconomic status, maternal education, birth intervals, and public health facilities also play a role in determining the overall impact of consanguinity on postnatal mortality.
    Consanguinity and Autosomal Recessive Disorders
    Consanguinity significantly increases the risk of autosomal recessive genetic disorders in offspring. The practice of marrying close relatives leads to an increased probability of mating between individuals who are carriers of the same recessive mutant allele. This increased risk is particularly relevant for rare autosomal recessive disease genes, as there is a higher chance that both parents in a consanguineous marriage are carriers of the same mutation.
    In Arab populations, the prevalence of autosomal recessive disorders is relatively higher compared to dominant disorders. This can be attributed to the high rates of consanguinity in these populations. The extended family structure, commonly observed in Arab societies, further contributes to the unique distribution patterns of genetic disorders within families and tribal groups. The concentration of mutation carriers within extended families increases the likelihood of offspring inheriting autosomal recessive disorders.
    The Catalogue for Transmission Genetics in Arabs (CTGA) database, which focuses on genetic disorders in Arab populations, provides evidence of the abundance of recessive disorders in the region. The database highlights the direct correlation between the practice of consanguinity and the prevalence of autosomal recessive genetic disorders among Arabs. This underscores the need for further research and standardized guidelines to address the impact of consanguinity on the occurrence and management of these disorders.
    Neutral or Positive Effects of Consanguinity on Reproductive Health
    While the negative effects of consanguinity on reproductive health are well-documented, it is important to acknowledge that there are also studies suggesting neutral or even positive effects of consanguinity in certain contexts.
    Fetal Wastage and Fertility
    Studies conducted among highly consanguineous populations have indicated that consanguinity has no significant association with fetal wastage. The rates of prenatal losses, including spontaneous abortions, are comparable between consanguineous and non-consanguineous couples in these populations. Similarly, consanguinity has not been consistently associated with a negative impact on fertility. Some studies have even reported higher fertility rates among consanguineous couples, particularly in certain ethnic groups.
    The increase in fertility among consanguineous couples may be attributed to biological compensatory mechanisms or factors such as earlier age at marriage, earlier first maternity, and a longer reproductive span. However, it is important to note that these findings are not universal, and more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between consanguinity, fetal wastage, and fertility in different populations.
    Consanguinity and Birth Anthropometric Measurements
    The impact of consanguinity on birth anthropometric measurements, such as birth weight, remains inconclusive. Some studies have reported a significant reduction in birth weight among offspring of consanguineous parents, while others have not observed such associations. The complex interplay of socio-cultural, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors within populations with high consanguinity rates makes it challenging to establish a definitive correlation between consanguinity and birth anthropometric measurements.
    Conclusion
    Consanguinity has a profound impact on reproductive health. The association between consanguinity and negative reproductive health outcomes, such as congenital malformations, postnatal mortality, and autosomal recessive genetic disorders, is well-established. The high rates of consanguineous marriages in some populations contribute to the increased prevalence of these conditions.
    While the negative effects of consanguinity are significant, it is important to acknowledge that there are also neutral or even positive effects in certain contexts. Factors such as fetal wastage and fertility may not be significantly influenced by consanguinity, and the impact on birth anthropometric measurements remains inconclusive.
    Standardized guidelines and evidence-based counseling for consanguinity can help individuals make informed decisions about their reproductive choices. By understanding the implications of consanguinity on reproductive health, we can strive to promote healthier outcomes for future generations.
    About Author
     
    Anam Khan
    Student of FY B. Sc.
    Thakur College of Science & Commerce, Kandivali (E), Mumbai
    Email- an24.02am@gmail.com

  • The Events Calendar – Dynamic template

  • The Events Calendar – Starter

  • BVCT General Body Elections Updates-2024

    Elections for the Board of Trustees-2024

    Working/Executive Body (12/01/2025)

    We are pleased to announce that, as previously declared, we now have a new committee in place. The following office bearers have been unanimously selected:

    1. President: Dr. A. R. Gaikwad

    2. Secretary: Dr. S. S. Gaikwad

    3. Treasurer: Mr. Gourav Deshmane

    Remaining four will continue as executive members.

    Final List of New Executive Committee After Date of Withdrawl (12/04/2024)

    As the aggregate number of applications received corresponds precisely to the total count of Executive Committee seats, the election has been lawfully deemed uncontested. Henceforth, the individuals listed below constitute the newly formed Executive Committee of BVCT. 

    1. Dr. Arun Gaikwad

    2. Dr. Sanjay Swami

    3. Dr. Shivaji Gaikwad

    4. Dr. Rupesh Yadav

    5.  Mr. Rajiv Dixit

    6. Dr. Anup Hendre

    7. Mr. Gourav Deshmane

    Number of Successful Nominations received (10/04/2024)

    1. Dr. Arun Gaikwad

    2. Dr. Sanjay Swami

    3. Dr. Shivaji Gaikwad

    4. Dr. Rupesh Yadav

    5.  Mr. Rajiv Dixit

    6. Dr. Anup Hendre

    7. Mr. Gourav Deshmane

     

    Announcement of elections: (5th April to 10th April 2024)

    Responsibilities of Trustees:

    Attendance at all scheduled meetings.
    Organization and active participation in trust initiatives.
    Assistance in fundraising activities.
    Fulfillment of any additional duties assigned by the board.

    Nomination: Candidates interested in becoming Board of Trustees are kindly requested to submit the nomination form following the link by April 10, 2024. The candidate needs to pay the amount of Rs. 500 towards election fees. A screenshot of the same is required while filling out the form. Also, submit a passport-size photo. Visit the following link to complete the procedure.

    For Nomination and payment: https://rzp.io/l/electionFees

    Proposal and Seconding: Each candidate must secure a proposal from at least one existing member and a seconding from another member.

    Withdrawal: Candidates have the flexibility to withdraw their nomination until April 12, 2024.

    Election Requirement: Should the number of nominees exceed the total number of executive seats, an election will be conducted to select the board members.

    Board Formation: Following the election, members will have the opportunity to elect a President, Secretary, and Treasurer from among themselves.

    Duration: The elected board will serve a term of five years, during which they will be entrusted with overseeing trust activities and decision-making processes.

     

     

  • ‘The Pencil of Change’

    Over the past few years, our team at BioVision Charitable Trust, led by our awesome Professor turned President, has been on a mission: lending a hand to students who need it most. We’ve provided them with study materials like bags, notebooks, and all the tools they need, but you know what? A simple pencil symbolizes it all perfectly. It’s a writing tool that holds the power to work wonders, yet it’s affordable for everyone. Spending time with these young minds always brings back memories of their incredible innocence and boundless dreams.

    Thinking back to when I was a kid, getting a half-used pencil was like hitting the jackpot! Back then, having even one pen was super important, and having a spare was like winning the lottery. I remember scavenging blank pages from old notebooks to make new ones because, purchasing new was out of reach, well, we had to get creative when it came to school supplies!

    Looking back on those days, I’m proud of who I am now. Instead of dwelling on the tough times, I’m grateful for the strength those times gave me. Life in urban areas might offer a bit more comfort, but in remote areas, it’s like facing a trial by fire. Yet, witnessing the sheer determination of these young students, I have no doubt they’ll achieve remarkable feats and fill us all with pride.

    They just need a little push in the right direction. It might not be just up to me or you to guide them, but if we all pitch in, we can make a real difference. Kind of like how sharing your food with someone else feels way better than just eating it all yourself.

    Remembering the wise words of Mahatma Gandhi about non-violence and Netaji’s fiery call for freedom, it’s clear we’ve come a long way. But now, it’s time for a new kind of revolution—one where we all think about the well-being of not just people, but everything on this crazy planet.

    So, let’s arm everyone with the simplest of tools—a pencil—and watch as greatness unfolds. Who knows? Maybe from that little graphite stick, we’ll see the rise of heroes and the start of something truly amazing.

    Dr. Sanjay Swami

    (The author is an Associate Professor at T.N. Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Ch. Hospital in Mumbai. Serves as Secretary to BioVision Charitable Trust, he’s deeply involved in various initiatives beyond academia, showcasing his commitment to making a difference in society.)

  • Assessing the Current State of CO2 Emissions in India: A Comprehensive Overview

     

    The term “carbon footprint” is an intriguing concept associated with greenhouse gases. A carbon footprint is a measure of the amount of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, that are emitted by the activities of a person, organization, product, or country. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change. Therefore, reducing the carbon footprint is important for mitigating the negative impacts of climate change on humans and the environment.

    These direct and indirect emissions are categorized into three broad scopes:
    Scope 1: All direct Greenhouse gas emissions.
    Scope 2: Indirect Green House Gas emissions from purchased electricity, heat or steam consumption.
    Scope 3: Other indirect emissions, such as the extraction and production of purchased materials and fuels, transport-related activities in vehicles not owned or controlled by the reporting entity, electricity-related activities (e.g. T&D losses) not covered in Scope 2, outsourced activities, waste disposal, etc

    The increase in worldwide emissions from the middle of the 18th century to the present is seen in this graph. It is evident that emissions were extremely low before the Industrial Revolution. Emissions growth remained very moderate until the middle of the 20th century. The globe released six billion tons of CO2 in 1950. This nearly doubled to more than 22 billion tons by 1990. Our annual emissions have risen steadily over the past few years, reaching over 34 billion tons. Although the rate of increase in emissions has decreased recently, it has not yet reached its maximum

    Excluded are: short-cycle biomass burning (such as agricultural waste burning), large-scale biomass burning (such as forest fires), and carbon emissions/removals of land-use, land-use change and forestry. CO2 Emissions by Sector CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuel for the following uses:

    Global Fossil CO2 Emissions by Sector :

    Power Industry: 38.5 %

    Non-combustion: 10.0 %

    Other industrial combustion: 21.2 %

    Transport: 20.9 %

    Buildings: 9.4 %

    Our Study:

    • The study is based on primary sources from Google survey form and offline survey secondary sources collected from the Census of Inda, the United Nations (UN) population estimate, NITI Aayog, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the World Bank, and Reserve Bank of India (RBI), etc. The available data in various parameters like human population, urbanization, carbon storage/emission, and socio-economic indicators like gross state domestic product (GSDP), poverty index, human development, etc. have been compiled state-wise and presented for statistical inferences. In our survey, there are 52.2% of men and 46.4% are female.
    • In the survey, the average age of individuals is 22 years. our carbon footprint is equal to 8.6 tonnes for better understanding we consider the UK(United Kingdom) for comparison. and the average phone usage is 5 hours a day. Carbon footprint for 5 hours a day≈43kg CO2e per year, Please note that this is a rough estimate, and actual carbon footprints can vary based on factors specific to your phone and usage.
    • In January 2022, global per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions vary significantly from country to country. The worldwide average per capita CO2 emissions were around 4.8 metric tons per person per year. However, these numbers can change over time as countries adopt different energy sources and implement climate policies. If India’s per capita CO2 emissions are 8.6 tonnes per year, this would be higher than the global average. It suggests that, on average, each person in India is responsible for emitting more CO2 than the global per capita average.
    • It’s important to consider that these figures are subject to change, and updated data should be consulted for the most accurate comparisons. Additionally, different sources may provide slightly different figures based on their methodologies and data sources.
    • Efforts to reduce per capita emissions often involve transitioning to cleaner energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and implementing policies that promote sustainable practices. It’s worth noting that per capita emissions are often used as a metric to assess a country’s contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions and its progress toward mitigating climate change.

    HOW TO REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT?

    Carbon footprint can be reduced and handprint can be increased by changing our lifestyle and following some simple tips mentioned below:

    • Reducing waste
    • Saving electricity
    • Recycling /saving water
    • Saving fuel and reducing emissions
    • saving paper

    About the Author:

    Aayan Abdul Mannan Shaikh.     

    FYBSC IT- Student of  Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Mumbai

    Phone:- 9421297970

    Email:- Aayan.tcsc@gmail.com

     

  • Activity list

    Activities of the Trust:

    Visit our Instagram and Facebook page to see photos and videos of activities

    2025-26:

    1. Donation of study materialLike every year, the Trust continued its initiative this year by distributing study materials to the most deserving and needy students, with the aim of encouraging them to excel in their studies. One of such programme was conducted on 23/07/2025.

    2. Awareness on Snake bites Snakebites cause over 1,000 deaths annually in Maharashtra. To address this critical issue, BVCT conducted an awareness campaign across more than 10 schools in snakebite-prone areas in the month of July and August 2025. The lecture series focused on snake identification, first aid measures, and the ecological importance of snakes.

    3. Donation of Science Laboratory Material

    Primary and Secondary Ashramshala, Vikramgad (Palghar), approached us with their requirement for laboratory materials to support the teaching of Science. Recognizing that a laboratory plays a vital role in developing both the cognitive and skill domains of students, BVCT took the initiative to supply various science lab materials to the school.

    2024-25:

    1. Nature Trail at Sanjay Gandhi National Park 

    BioVision Charitable Trust organized an enriching Nature Trail at Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai, offering students a unique opportunity to explore biodiversity firsthand. This educational experience helped students observe wildlife, understand ecosystems, and appreciate nature’s wonders beyond textbooks. Looking forward to more such engaging learning adventures!

    2. Teach and Learn in Motion

    BioVision Charitable Trust organized an exciting Reel-Making Competition, encouraging students to showcase their creativity and knowledge through engaging short videos. This competition provided a platform to enhance digital storytelling skills while spreading awareness on important themes. With a mix of audience engagement and jury evaluation, it was a perfect blend of learning and fun!

    3. Fauna Fusion 2025 – Explore, Learn & Compete

    BioVision Charitable Trust, in collaboration with Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Mumbai, organized Fauna Fusion 2025 on 25th February 2025—an engaging educational event designed to foster scientific curiosity. The event featured a quiz competition, poster presentations, and various research activities, providing students with a platform to showcase their knowledge and skills in wildlife and biodiversity. A perfect blend of learning and innovation for students.

    2023-24:

    1. BioVision Charitable Trust, in collaboration with Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Mumbai has orchestrated “Ecospectra.” This program encompassed a variety of activities centered around environmental conservation on 20th and 21st February 2024.

    2. The BioVision Charitable Trust has generously provided educational materials to underprivileged students across Maharashtra, helping them overcome the challenges they face in accessing the resources they need. The schools benefiting from this donation include:
    1. Primary School in Sanjaynagar, Sangli.
    2. Zilha Parishad School, Sheryachi Wadi, Satara.
    3. Pune Municipal Corporation’s Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee Primary School, Pune.
    4. Zilha Parishad School, Mumurshi, Raigad
    5. Zilha Parishad School, Kumbharwadi, Mandangad, Ratnagiri
    6. Zilha Parishad School, Lokarvan, Ratnagiri
    7. Aklai Vidyalaya Akluj, Malshiras, Solapur
    8. Shri. Shahu Highschool, Shahuwadi, Kolhapur
    9. Balvidyaniketan Primary & Secondary School, Karad, Satara

    3. Through the efforts of the BioVision Charitable Trust, Professor Deshmane Sir, an esteemed and senior mentor of the trust, made a philanthropic contribution of Rs. 11,111 to the Primary School in Sanjaynagar, Sangli, with the aim of enriching the educational experience of the students. Furthermore, Dr. Shivaji Gaikwad, another esteemed and active member of the trust, generously donated Rs. 5,000 to Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee Primary School in Pune, thereby advancing the mission of promoting education for all.

    4. Recognizing the critical importance of timely guidance in education, BioVision Charitable Trust regularly invites knowledgeable resource persons to enlighten students on various topics. Recently, Mrs. Sujata Gaikwad Madam, with over 25 years of experience spanning from teaching to serving as a Principal in various schools, graced us with her insights. Renowned among 10th-grade students as the perfect mentor for SSC exams preparation, Mrs. Gaikwad Madam delivered a lecture on Career Guidance and How to Face SSC Exams at New English School Mhapral on 28th February 2024.

    5. In a bid to inspire college students to delve into their thoughts and ideas, the BioVision Charitable Trust organized an essay competition. Despite the short notice, the response exceeded expectations, with a remarkable number of students participating. Among them, three outstanding individuals were selected for prizes, while the others received certificates of participation. This event took place in February 2024. The winners of the competition are as follows:
    Ms. Aarti Kambale from Kolhapur
    Ms. Mansi Kumbhar from Phaltan
    Mr. Harsh Sawant from Mumbai

    2022-23:

    1. Various educational activities for students from rural area of Ratnagiri were conducted at Mhapral School of Rayat Education Society. All meritorious students were awarded on 16th Feb 2023.

    2. National level conference on Environment Changes and Biodiversity was conducted in collaboration with Thakur College of Sciences and Commerce, Mumbai on 27th and 28th February 2023.

    3. Donation of instructional aides to the rural school “New English School, Mhapral in May 2023 and handed over in small ceremony on 21st June 2023 by conducting student activities. 

    2021-22:

    1. Scientific Meet on 29th May 2022. Various awareness lectures on environment and bio-conservation.
    2. Trust got 12A and 80G registration.

    2020-21:

    1. To encourage many need students to get help from our trust and to reach maximum people we have developed and launched our website to make our work more trustworthy and legitimate.
    https://biovisiontrust.in/

    2. We have started awareness by writing various awareness, educational and research articles on our website. This activity is also intended to provide platform for budding student writers to write articles and encourage them to participate. https://biovisiontrust.in/artilces/

    2019-20:

    1. National level conference of Biodiversity (01/02/2020)
    2. Original Research Paper presentation for under graduate students (01/02/2020)
    3. Research Poster Presentation for undergraduate students (28/12/2020)
    4. Publication of research abstract book and these original articles are published in UGC care listed reputed Journal.
    5. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit all educational system, we have conducted training session of “Online Teaching” and “e-Content Creation”.
    6. During COVID pandemic the trust has donated Masks and Sanitizers to following stake holders to encourage wearing of mask and follow government guidelines (advisory)
    a. Vruddhashram (25/10/2020)
    b. Girls’ Hostel (Anathalay) (25/10/2020)
    c. Traffic Police (25/10/2020)
    d. Vegetable vendors (25/10/2020)

    2018-19:

    1. Wildlife and Nature photography competition and workshop (10/11/2019)
    2. Poster Presentation on Bio-conservation for undergraduate students (10/11/2019)
    3. Tree Plantation event at premises of Mudhoji College, Phaltan on 10/11/2019.

    2017-18:

    1. We as team have donated following items to Mudhoji College, Phaltan
    a. Library books of around 25 thousand
    b. Chemicals of almost 1,00000 Rupees,
    c. Camera lens for wild life photography and on field research activities.
    d. Aquarium set for rearing fishes and closely studying them.
    2. State level conference on Biodiversity (28/12/2018 )
    3. Felicitated people for achievements in educational fields such as publications, research projects etc.
    4. Arranged guest lectures of various resource persons to bring awareness among community on various subjects.

    2016-17:

    5. Annual meet: Scientific meet of like-minded people. Resolution passed to do charity work in the field of education, research and bio-conservation.16